The production of iron ore sinters is a complicated process. The quality of the sinter is determined by the various physical and chemical reactions during sintering, mineral types, additive types, particle size distribution and fuel consumption [1,2,3]. The quality of the sinter is of great importance for blast furnace ironmaking.
This Special Issue focuses on the key developments in iron ore sintering, paying particular attention to the chemical reaction processes, the transport of heat and mass, kinetics, and thermodynamics as well as intensification methods. Contributions discussing resource recycling, energy saving, emission reductions, and intelligent …
Fig 1 Iron ore sinter. Types of sinter. ... (endothermic), (iii) solid phase reactions, (iv) reduction and re-oxidation of iron oxides, and (v) reactions of formation of the sintered mass. Cooling zone – This …
The iron ore sintering dust was selected from a steel company in Jiangsu province, China. Their particle size compositions are shown in Table 1. Their particle sizes were fine, most were under 200 mesh (less than 0.074 mm). ... The possible solid-gas reactions between iron oxides of sintering dust and H 2 generated from the pyrolysis …
Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process (1300-1480°C, Eisele and Kawatra, 2003) of a mixture of iron ore mineral fines (0.5-8 mm), by-products of the iron and steelmaking industry, fluxes ...
THE SINTERING MECHANISM The total reaction involved in the process of sintering is the sum of a number of reactions which involve reactions in heating zone, reactions in sintering zone and reactions in cooling zone. These reactions are illustrated schematically for typical sintering of a lime-fluxed haematite ore in Fig. 11.
Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slag-forming agents, and solid fuel (coke). The purpose of the sintering process is manufacturing a product with the …
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the major processes in a typical iron ore sintering plant. It consists of an agglomeration through an oxidizing/reducing fusion of iron ore fines, fluxes (lime, limestone etc.), and typically 3–5 wt% solid fuels (coke fines and coal fines) as well as re-circulated material (dust, sludge, etc.), formed into pellets with …
Unlike sintering of metallic powder in powder metallurgy where particles are bonded by solid diffusion at temperatures below the melting point, fluxes are added in …
Anthracite and coke are evenly coated by iron ore powder during the sintering raw materials granulation process. The granular sintering raw materials are loaded into the sintering machine, where the surface of sintering raw materials is ignited and sintered from top to bottom under the action of vertical airflow [24].As shown in Fig. …
The coated iron ore either with serpentine or fine ore is expected to alter the assimilation reaction of the ore particles during sintering and thereby improve sinter plant productivity. To overcome the above mentioned challenge a new process is proposed, where the porous iron ore will be pre-processed with calcined lime before dry mixing.
Chemical reactions involved in the iron ore sintering process are so complicated that not all of them could be contained in a mathematical model. As a result, only the main physical phenomena and chemical reactions were taken into consideration. Heat convection is the principal mode of heat exchange in the sintering bed, which is …
Iron ore sintering. Chemistry. Physical characteristics. Mineralogy. Granulation. Densification. 15.1. Introduction. Sintering is a thermal process of …
Sinter and Combustion Zone Simulations. In this paper, the reaction behaviors of NO x in the FGR gas during the sintering process were mainly studied in the sinter and combustion zones, since NO x hardly changed in the sub-layer. The reaction behaviors of NO x in the sinter and combustion zones were investigated in a quartz …
As described in Chapter 14 on iron ore sintering, sintering involves the combustion of fossil fuels like coal and coke breeze to generate the heat required for sintering reactions. Therefore, emissions from the sintering process arise primarily from the combustion reactions in the sintering bed on the traveling sinter strand.
The oxidation reaction, shown in Eq. (1), is highly exothermic and releases a major part of the total energy required in sintering. ... In the present work, oxidation and sintering mechanisms in iron ore green pellets under non-sintering and sintering conditions were studied. The intent was to get more information about the sensitivity of …
Iron ore sintering in volves the movement of a flame front down a p articulate bed, and a se ries of phys-. ico-chemical reactions over a large temperature range. In the li terature simple and ...
Automated optical image analysis of natural and sintered iron ore. E. Donskoi, ... J.R. Manuel, in Iron Ore, 2015 4.2.2 Sinter. Low-temperature (< 1300 °C) iron ore sinter is an agglomerate of unmelted and partially melted nuclei particles (+ 1 mm) and a matrix bonding phase produced from the melting of fine ore (− 1 mm) and flux particles, with …
Abstract. Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. In this chapter, the sintering …
PDF | Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, …
Granulation of the sinter mix is an important step in the iron ore sintering process. Several experiments were conducted at the pilot scale to achieve the PI objectives before the new technologies are developed or installed. Greater permeability of the sinter bed and thereby higher productivity is achieved with an enhanced granulation index.
Chemical reactions during sintering results into formation of sinter cake which is a multiphase material with a heterogeneous microstructure. It is composed of several mineral phases out of which main phases are hematite, magnetite, iron ore, SFCA, dicalcium silicate and a glassy phase.
Iron ore sintering refers to the process of mixing iron ore, fuel, flux, and iron-containing waste produced in the ironmaking and steelmaking process in a certain …
Reaction Sequences in the Iron Ore Sintering The reaction sequences involved in the formation of SFCA phase during heating of a sinter with a composition of 77.26 mass% Fe2 O3, 14.08 mass% CaO, 3.56 mass% SiO2 and 5 mass% Al2 O3 Minerals 2019, 9, 361 5 of 13 was investigated by Scarlett et al. [6] using an in situ X-ray diffraction technique ...
Iron ore sintering refers to the process of mixing iron ore, fuel, flux, and iron-containing waste produced in the ironmaking and steelmaking process in a certain proportion, and then the fuel is burned through ignition to release heat. Some particles of the mixture are softened or melted by physical and chemical reactions between various …
The sintering process is a thermal agglomeration process, and it is accompanied by chemical reactions. In this process, a mixture of iron ore fines, flux, and coal particles is heated to about 1300 °C–1480 °C in a sinter bed. The strength and reducibility properties of iron ore sinter are obtained by liquid phase sintering.
Sintering is the thermal agglomeration process through which mixtures of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slag-forming agents, and fuels are partially fused to produce clustered …
It is generally appreciated that the sinter melt first forms through the reaction of iron ore with CaO in the adhering fines layer of pseudo-particles in the sinter bed. To simulate this process, tablets composed of fine ores and fine limestone were prepared and used to evaluate the initial melt formation and fluidity.
The sintering process is an intricate system with a protracted process flow. The steps in the manufacturing line are primarily composed of the ingredients and mixing process, the sintering operation process, and the treatment of the sintered ore [39, 40].2.2 Important parameters and characteristics of sintering process. As shown in Fig. 2, all …
The process of sintering is a thermal operation involving melting and assimilation reactions. The first stage of the sintering process is the formation of the melt which involves the reaction between fine iron ore particles and fluxes. The initial melt is generated from adhering fines during heating via reaction between iron ore and fluxes.
Modeling Sintering Process of Iron Ore 25 Fig. 2. Thermal cycle of the materials in the sinter strand. Several attempts have been done to predict the final properties of the sinter product (Water et al. 1989, Kasai et al. 1989, 1991). The …
For this gap, a novel approach was proposed to effectively treat the zinc extraction residue via the iron ore sintering process. It was feasible to add 1 wt.% of zinc extraction residues to the sintering raw materials. The more adequate mineralization reaction resulted in higher yield and tumbler indexes, despite a slight decrease in …
Abstract. In iron making process, sintering of iron ore fines is an integral step to utilize not only the ore fines but also to introduce a part of flux (limestone and …
World resources are estimated to be greater than 800 billion tons of crude ore containing more than 230 billion tons of iron. The only source of primary iron is iron ore, but before all that iron ore can be turned into steel, it must go through the sintering process. Sinter is the primary feed material for making iron and steel in a blast furnace.
However, this oversimplifi es the different reaction paths of magnetite and carbon in iron ore pellets. At firing temperatures, gas diffusion controlled reactions such as the combustion of coke ...
The raw iron ore sample (52 kg) preparation was constituted by comminution by jaw and roll crushers to − 3.36-mm size.This size was determined based on work carried out by Umadevi et al. (2011), who studied the influence of iron ore fines (mean particle size from 1.22 to 3.95 mm) on mineralogy, productivity, physical and …